Glycolic acid stands out as one of the frequently utilized fruit acids, commonly found in various face and body care products. Unveiling its potential benefits and suitability for diverse skin types, this article addresses key aspects of glycolic acid. Comprehensive Insights into Glycolic Acid: Addressing Acne, Discoloration, and Beyond

Understanding Glycolic Acid:
Derived from sugar cane, gooseberries, apples, and grapes, glycolic acid belongs to the alpha-hydroxy acid group. Characterized by a simple chemical structure and a small molecule, it possesses unique attributes, such as resistance to UV radiation.

Application of Glycolic Acid:
Versatility marks glycolic acid’s application, suitable for all skin types and various body areas, including the face, neck, décolletage, and back. The acid is available in different concentrations:

• Higher concentrations (25-70%) are exclusive to beauty salons due to their potential to break cell connections and cause epidermal necrosis. Optimal results are achieved through peeling with glycolic acid in multiple sessions.
• Lower concentrations (5-15%) are found in home-use cosmetics like creams, masks, milks, tonics, and scrubs. Beginners are advised to start with lower concentrations to acclimate the skin gradually.

Mechanism and Effects of Glycolic Acid:
Glycolic acid’s molecular structure facilitates easy penetration through the epidermal layer, enhancing absorption of other compounds into deeper skin layers. In lower concentrations, it moisturizes the epidermis, reduces stratum corneum thickness, smoothens the skin, and diminishes wrinkles. Moreover, it strengthens collagen structure, lightens discolorations, and improves microcirculation.

Glycolic Acid and Acne:
Research indicates that glycolic acid, when combined with beta-cyclodextrin, supports the treatment of acne vulgaris by regulating sebum secretion and addressing excessive keratinization. It proves effective against blackheads, inflammatory breakouts, and acne scars.

Other Applications of Glycolic Acid:
While glycolic acid is recommended for various skin conditions, alternative uses such as replacing antiperspirants for armpits may not be advisable. It is effective for lightening dark underarm skin and addressing perifollicular keratosis, cracked heels, and dandruff.

Contraindications and Cautions:
Certain conditions, including acute infections, isotretinoin therapy, hypersensitivity to glycolic acid, and others, warrant avoidance of glycolic acid treatment. Additionally, it should not be combined with acidic products, retinol, or vitamin C to prevent irritation or skin burns.

Post-Treatment Care:
During and after glycolic acid treatment, users may experience slight redness and burning, with gentle epidermal exfoliation occurring after a few days. Avoiding intense activities, sauna use, and swimming post-treatment is recommended.

In conclusion, glycolic acid’s multi-faceted effects make it suitable for both normal and problematic skin types. Incorporating glycolic acid-containing products into skincare routines, whether through professional treatments or home therapy, can contribute to improved skin condition, supported by scientific research.